Immediately after the March 1st Independence Movement of 1919, Kim Koo was exiled to Shanghai, China.
At the time, Shanghai had become the base for the establishment of the Korean Provisional Government, which was established on April 11, 1919.

After the proclamation of the March 1st Independence Declaration, activists from all over the country gathered in Shanghai to organize the Provisional Assembly, which was similar to its current counterpart, the Korean National Assembly.
The first assembly resolved that “Republic of Korea” was to be the official name of Joseon and adopted government rules that appointed the prime minister as the head of the administration, elected cabinet members, and enacted and promulgated the constitution, titled the ‘National Assembly Provisional Charter.”

Upon the establishment of the Korean Provisional Government, Kim wished to serve as the ‘doorkeeper” of the provisional government.
However, he was appointed as the Minister of Police Affairs and later served in several ministerial positions, including Minister of the Interior and president and premier of the Korean Provisional Government.
He led the Korean Provisional Government for 27 years.